All of these products appear to originate from a broad temporary negative ion resonance centered at ∼ 1.4 eV. Electron beam studies of ES reveal the presence of multiple dissociative attachment channels, with the dominant fragment, SO 2 −, peaking at 1.3 eV and much weaker signals due to SO 3 −, SO −, and ( ES - H ) − peaking at 1.5, 1.7, and 0.9 eV, respectively. The outermost shell of the sodium ion is the second electron shell, which has. The cation produced in this way, Na +, is called the sodium ion to distinguish it from the element. Theoretical calculations of plausible ionic structures are presented and discussed. A neutral sodium atom is likely to achieve an octet in its outermost shell by losing its one valence electron. Compounds that contain ions are called ionic compounds. Ions can be either monatomic (containing only one atom) or polyatomic (containing more than one atom). Positively charged ions are called cations, and negatively charge ions are called anions. Positively charged ions are called cations, and negatively charge ions are called anions. Thus, nonmetals tend to form negative ions. We suggest that quasifree electron attachment promotes the breaking of one ring bond giving a long-lived acyclic anion and term this process incomplete dissociative electron attachment. Thus, nonmetals tend to form negative ions. It is speculated that the peak at n max * ∼ 13.5 derives from the formation of a distorted C 2 H 4 SO 3 − ion. The peak at n max * ∼ 16.8 corresponds to an expected dipole-bound anion with an electron binding energy of 8.5 meV. Negative ions are formed by ionmolecule reactions between sample and reagent gas ions. RET experiments with jet-cooled ES show an unexpected broad profile of anion formation as a function of the effective quantum number ( n * ) of the excited rubidium atoms, with peaks at n max * ∼ 13.5 and 16.8. Negative ions can be produced by a number of processes. The formation of negative ions in molecular beams of ethylene sulfite (ES, alternately called glycol sulfite or ethylene glycol, C 2 H 4 SO 3) molecules has been studied using both Rydberg electron transfer (RET) and free electron attachment methods.
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